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Orthodox Jewish philosophy comprises the philosophical and theological teachings of Orthodox Judaism. Though Orthodox Judaism sees itself as the heir of traditional rabbinic Judaism, the present-day movement is thought to have first formed in the late 18th century, mainly in reaction to the Jewish emancipation and the growth of the Haskalah and Reform movements.〔Carvalho, Jean-Paul, and Mark Koyama. ''Development and religious polarization: The emergence of reform and ultra-Orthodox Judaism''. Department of Economics, University of Oxford, 2011.〕〔Heilman, Samuel C. ''Cosmopolitans and Parochials: Modern Orthodox Jews in America''. University of Chicago Press, 1989.〕〔Liebman, Charles S. The ambivalent American Jew: Politics, religion and family in American Jewish life. Jewish publication society of America, 1973.〕 Orthodox Jewish philosophy concerns itself with interpreting traditional Jewish sources, reconciling the Jewish faith with the changes in the modern world and the movement's relationships with the State of Israel and other Jewish denominations. ==Philosophies== Specific philosophies developed by Orthodox Jewish thinkers include: * Torah Judaism, an ideological concept used to legitimize Jewish movements within the framework of Orthodox Jewish values.〔Schwab, Shimon. ''Selected speeches: a collection of addresses and essays on hashkafah, contemporary issues and Jewish history.'' CIS Publishing. 1991.〕 * Hasidism, focusing on the importance of prayer, joy and the attachment to Tzadikim and Rebbes * Musar (ethics), stressing the importance of the study of ethical texts * Religious Zionism, an ideology that insists on the integration between Zionism and observance of Jewish law * Torah im Derech Eretz, a school of thought advocating the combination of Jewish and secular education * Torah Umadda, similar to Torah I'm Derech Eretz, advocating a combination of Jewish an secular education * Da'as Torah, the position that the opinion rabbinic authorities are to be sought in various circumstances * Dirah Betachtonim, a midrashic concept popularized by Chabad thinkers, the making of a "dwelling place for God in the lower realms" is thought to be the purpose of creation 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Orthodox Jewish philosophy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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